Tuesday, July 29, 2014
Sunday, July 27, 2014
Mercedes-Benz
operation management
An MBA specialization in operations management looks at the underlying concepts of the production and operations function of an organization, and are generally divided into two areas. The first is the study of service operations, and the second is manufacturing or production operations.
This may encompass study in the following areas: design-related activities that form the function of a particular operation; the planning and control activities necessary to run the operation; and/or improving the way a particular operation performs its function.
Exchange Bonus: If you are trading-in your existing car for a new one at the dealership, ask the dealer for an exchange bonus. Dealer happily offers exchange bonus because he gets a good margin on your used car that he buys. The exchange bonus should be in the 1-5% range.
However, if you are not in a hurry, CarWale’s suggestion is not to get misguided by the exchange bonus andsell your car yourself. We highly encourage you to sell your car through an internet portal like CarWale or sell it to an individual directly. By cutting out the middleman in the sale, you save a lot of money, typically 5-10% of your used car’s price.
Discount on Finance: Finance companies give about 0.5-2% payout to their dealers/DSAs for selling loans. Current market trends say, despite the fact that dealer passes on most of the finance payout to the customer, he earns a tidy amount on your finance deal (around 0.5%). Ask for the maximum finance payout.
Alternatively, you can ask your dealership to give you only car quote and you can compare the EMI with CarWale. We believe our car loan interest rates are highly competitive.
Worldwide current events
- Fuad Masum is elected President of Iraq by the Iraqi parliament.
- The Séléka and anti-balaka militias agree to a ceasefire in the Central African Republic civil war.
- Air Algérie Flight 5017 (aircraft pictured), en route from Ouagadougou to Algiers, crashes in Mali, killing all 116 people on board.
- TransAsia Airways Flight 222 crashes in the Penghu Islands of Taiwan, killing 48 people on board.
- Joko Widodo is elected President of Indonesia.
HYUNDAI GRAND I10
According to sources, the new model along with the upcoming WagonR Stingray will be the key fresh products for Maruti Suzuki India (MSI) to defend its market share amid the ever increasing competition.
"The new compact model from Maruti will be positioned between the WagonR and the Swift. It will make its debut at the Auto Expo next year," a source said.
When contacted, a spokesperson for MSI, however, said, "We do not comment on our future product line-up."
India's Auto Expo will be held between February 6 and 12, 2014, at Greater Noida, moving away from the traditional venue of Pragati Maidan.
Hyundai Motor India is already looking to hit at MSI's successful Swift by bringing the Grand i10, slated for launch nationally on September 3 with both diesel and petrol options.
global financial system
The global financial system is the worldwide framework of legal agreements, institutions, and both formal and informal economic actors that together facilitate international flows of financial capital for purposes of investment and trade financing. The system has evolved substantially since its emergence in the late 19th century during the first modern wave of economic globalization.[1] The change is marked by the establishment of central banks, multilateral treaties, and intergovernmental organizations aimed at improving the transparency, regulation, and effectiveness of international markets.[2]:74[3]:1
From the late 1800s to early 1900s, weak passport requirements and innovations in transportation accelerated world migration, while enhancements in communication technology accelerated the sharing of information. These developments facilitated unprecedented growth in international trade and investment which drove early financial globalization.[2]:75–76 As the United Kingdom entered World War I in August 1914, the foreign exchange markets became stressed while the money market in London tightened. As investors met increasing difficulty in their remittances to London, the pound remained illiquid and the markets grew paralyzed. Political pressure following stock market turmoil in 1929 prompted the United States to enact protective tariffs on agricultural and manufacturing imports. This spurred a chain reaction as trading partners successively introduced similar tariffs. World trade virtually halted by 1933, worsening the effects of the worldwide Great Depression. In 1934, the United States reversed its trade protectionism and began negotiating reciprocal trade agreements in a neutral manner which had an ultimate effect of reducing tariffs worldwide.
The Bretton Woods system emerged in 1944 from efforts to revamp the international monetary system after World War II and address issues underpinning the Great Depression and unsustainability of the international gold standard in the 1930s. The system's improved exchange rate stability facilitated record growth in worldwide trade and investment. It eventually succumbed to overwhelming market pressures in the 1970s as foreign central banks relied on the United States' consistent dollar deficits to acquire dollar reserves. Realizing the currency was overvalued, speculative investors drove the value of the United States' gold reserves downward to such a degree that the exchange of dollars for gold was suspended in 1971. Investors began selling U.S. dollars in anticipation of adjustments in foreign currency values, giving rise to large capital influxes that pressured central banks to choose among inflation, dubious capital controls, and flexible exchange rates. A culmination of currency devaluations and oil crises led most countries to allow their exchange rates to fluctuate, marking the de facto demise of the Bretton Woods system.
The world economy became increasingly financially integrated throughout the 1980s and 1990s as nations liberalized capital accounts and deregulated financial sectors. With greater exposure to volatile capital flows, a series of financial crises in Europe, Asia, and Latin America had contageous effects on other countries. During 2007 and 2008, the United States experienced a financial crisis characteristic of earlier systemic crises, which quickly propagated throughout other nations. It became known as the global financial crisis and is recognized as the catalyst for the worldwide Great Recession. Revelations of Greece's falsified fiscal data in 2009 caused financial markets to adjust to the realization that Greece was no longer in compliance with its monetary union. The crisis spread to other European nations already experiencing sovereign debt problems and became known as the Eurozone crisis.
A country's decision to operate an open economy and globalize its financial capital carries monetary implications captured by the balance of payments, which can indicate the degree to which a nation is living within its means and reveal the composition of a nation's wealth as well as its economic competitiveness. Globalized capital also carries exposure to systemic risks unique to international finance, such as political deterioration, regulatory changes, foreign exchange controls, and legal uncertainties for foreign investments and property rights. Numerous groups and individuals participate in the global financial system. Economic actors such as general consumers and international businesses undertake consumption, production, and investments. Governments and intergovernmental organizations participate as investors and as purveyors of international trade, economic development, and crisis management. Regulatory bodies such as government agencies and multilateral institutions establish financial regulations and legal procedures, while independent self-regulatory associations coordinate standard practices and facilitate industry supervision. Professional associations, policy think tanks, and research institutes collect and analyze data, publish reports and policy recommendations, and facilitate public discourse on global financial affairs.
While the global financial system is edging toward greater stability, governments must deal with differing regional or national needs and policies. Various nations are trying to orderly discontinue unconventional monetary policies installed to alleviate systemic pressures and cultivate recovery, while others are expanding their scope and scale. Policymakers in emerging market countries face a challenge of precision as they must carefully institute more sustainable macroeconomic policies during extraordinary market sensitivity without provoking investors to retreat their capital to stronger markets. Nations' inability to align interests and achieve international consensus on matters such as banking regulation has perpetuated exposure to the risk of future global financial catastrophes.
Discount on Insurance Premium: Ask the dealer for a discount on the insurance premium of your new car. Insurance providers offer a margin of up to 40% to dealers. You can ask for a discount of up to 30-35% on insurance premium (excluding third-party liability and service tax). If the dealer is hesitant in giving you discount on your car insurance, ask him if you can get it done on your own. Please note the dealer has the right not to sell you a car if you don't opt for insurance from him. However most of the dealers will not create a fuss around it.
CHEVROLET CRUZE
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It’s the rebirth you’ve been waiting for! The All New Cruze is here. With a new Dual Port Front Grille, now with Front and Side Airbags, New Alloy Wheels, Stunning New Dual Bezel Headlamps, Chrome Door Handles and the All Powerful 166 PS Engine, it’s got everything to set your heart racing.
Loyalty Bonus: A few manufacturers offer loyalty bonus to keep their existing customers with them. If you already own or have owned a car of the same manufacturer, you are eligible for a loyalty bonus. The typical loyalty bonus amount is 1-5% (not more than 20,000 normally) rupees. Not every manufacturer offers this bonus but there is no harm in asking.
Exchange Bonus: If you are trading-in your existing car for a new one at the dealership, ask the dealer for an exchange bonus. Dealer happily offers exchange bonus because he gets a good margin on your used car that he buys. The exchange bonus should be in the 1-5% range.
t may be surprising for most of us but the reality is that there are at least seven types of discounts one can ask or bargain for from a new car dealer! New car buying is a process in itself and consists of several individual small deals. They might look insignificant at first glance but when you add them up, the entire amount of the discount is more than 10% of the overall price. Of course all of these discounts majorly depend on the cars and their demand in the market.
ABOUT AUDI
The company name is based on the LATIN translation of the surname of the founder, AUGUST HORSH. "Horch", meaning "listen" in GERMAN, becomes "audi" in Latin. The four rings of the Audi logo each represent one of four car companies that banded together to create Audi's predecessor company, Auto Union. Audi's slogan is VORSPURNG, meaning "Advancement through Technology". Recently in the United States, Audi has updated the slogan to "Truth in Engineering". Audi is a member of the "German Big 3" luxury automakers, along with BMW and MERCEDES BENZ, which are the three best-selling luxury automakers in the world.
Launched for the Indian market in October 2013, this is the sixth generation 5 Series globally and is the first time that the car is only available for the Indian market with diesel power. Its major changes are cosmetic along with the ZF eight-speed gearbox. Of course, this being a BMW, even the diesel only option has not dampened its penchant to take corners and provide you with a mind blowing driving experience.
Types of Derivative Instruments
Types of Derivative Instruments:
Derivative contracts are of several types. The most common types are forwards, futures, options and swap.
Forward Contracts
A forward contract is an agreement between two parties – a buyer and a seller to purchase or sell something at a later date at a price agreed upon today. Forward contracts, sometimes called forward commitments , are very common in everyone life. Any type of contractual agreement that calls for the future purchase of a good or service at a price agreed upon today and without the right of cancellation is a forward contract.
Future Contracts
A futures contract is an agreement between two parties – a buyer and a seller – to buy or sell something at a future date. The contact trades on a futures exchange and is subject to a daily settlement procedure. Future contracts evolved out of forward contracts and possess many of the same characteristics. Unlike forward contracts, futures contracts trade on organized exchanges, called future markets. Future contacts also differ from forward contacts in that they are subject to a daily settlement procedure. In the daily settlement, investors who incur losses pay them every day to investors who make profits.
Options Contracts
Options are of two types – calls and puts. Calls give the buyer the right but not the obligation to buy a given quantity of the underlying asset, at a given price on or before a given future date. Puts give the buyer the right, but not the obligation to sell a given quantity of the underlying asset at a given price on or before a given date.
Swaps
Swaps are private agreements between two parties to exchange cash flows in the future according to a prearranged formula. They can be regarded as portfolios of forward contracts. The two commonly used swaps are interest rate swaps and currency swaps.
Swaps are private agreements between two parties to exchange cash flows in the future according to a prearranged formula. They can be regarded as portfolios of forward contracts. The two commonly used swaps are interest rate swaps and currency swaps.
- Interest rate swaps: These involve swapping only the interest related cash flows between the parties in the same currency.
- Currency swaps: These entail swapping both principal and interest between the parties, with the cash flows in one direction being in a different currency than those in the opposite direction.
SEBI Guidelines:
SEBI has laid the eligibility conditions for Derivative Exchange/Segment and its Clearing Corporation/House to ensure that Derivative Exchange/Segment and Clearing Corporation/House provide a transparent trading environment, safety and integrity and provide facilities for redressal of investor grievances. Some of the important eligibility conditions are :
- Derivative trading to take place through an on-line screen based Trading System.
- The Derivatives Exchange/Segment shall have on-line surveillance capability to monitor positions, prices, and volumes on a real time basis so as to deter market manipulation.
- The Derivatives Exchange/ Segment should have arrangements for dissemination of information about trades, quantities and quotes on a real time basis through at least two information vending networks, which are easily accessible to investors across the country.
- The Derivatives Exchange/Segment should have arbitration and investor grievances redressal mechanism operative from all the four areas/regions of the country.
- The Derivatives Exchange/Segment should have satisfactory system of monitoring investor complaints and preventing irregularities in trading.
- The Derivative Segment of the Exchange would have a separate Investor Protection Fund.
- The Clearing Corporation/House shall perform full novation, i.e., the Clearing Corporation/House shall interpose itself between both legs of every trade, becoming the legal counterparty to both or alternatively should provide an unconditional guarantee for settlement of all trades.
- The Clearing Corporation/House shall have the capacity to monitor the overall position of Members across both derivatives market and the underlying securities market for those Members who are participating in both.
- The level of initial margin on Index Futures Contracts shall be related to the risk of loss on the position. The concept of value-at-risk shall be used in calculating required level of initial margins. The initial margins should be large enough to cover the one-day loss that can be encountered on the position on 99 per cent of the days.
- The Clearing Corporation/House shall establish facilities for electronic funds transfer (EFT) for swift movement of margin payments.
- In the event of a Member defaulting in meeting its liabilities, the Clearing Corporation/House shall transfer client positions and assets to another solvent Member or close-out all open positions.
- The Clearing Corporation/House should have capabilities to segregate initial margins deposited by Clearing Members for trades on their own account and on account of his client. The Clearing Corporation/House shall hold the clients’ margin money in trust for the client purposes only and should not allow its diversion for any other purpose.
- The Clearing Corporation/House shall have a separate Trade Guarantee Fund for the trades executed on Derivative Exchange/Segment.
SEBI has specified measures to enhance protection of the rights of investors in the Derivative Market. These measures are as follows:
- Investor’s money has to be kept separate at all levels and is permitted to be used only against the liability of the Investor and is not available to the trading member or clearing member or even any other investor.
- The Trading Member is required to provide every investor with a risk disclosure document which will disclose the risks associated with the derivatives trading so that investors can take a conscious decision to trade in derivatives.
- Investor would get the contract note duly time stamped for receipt of the order and execution of the order. The order will be executed with the identity of the client and without client ID order will not be accepted by the system. The investor could also demand the trade confirmation slip with his ID in support of the contract note. This will protect him from the risk of price favour, if any, extended by the Member.
- In the derivative markets all money paid by the Investor towards margins on all open positions is kept in trust with the Clearing House /Clearing Corporation and in the event of default of the Trading or Clearing Member the amounts paid by the client towards margins are segregated and not utilised towards the default of the member. However, in the event of a default of a member, losses suffered by the Investor, if any, on settled/closed out position are compensated from the Investor Protection Fund, as per the rules, bye-laws and regulations of the derivative segment of the exchanges.
Read more: Types of Derivatives and Derivative Market | iPleaders http://blog.ipleaders.in/types-of-derivatives-and-derivative-market/#ixzz38k1Oy2Id
After World War I, BMW was forced to cease aircraft (engine) production and the company consequently shifted to motorcycle production in 1923, followed by automobiles in 1928–29. In 1959 the automotive division of BMW was in financial difficulties and a shareholders meeting was held to decide whether to go into liquidation or find a way of carrying on. It was decided to carry on and to try to cash in on the current economy car boom. The rights to manufacture the Italian Iso Isetta were bought; the tiny cars themselves were to be powered by a modified form of BMW''s own motorcycle engine. This was moderately successful and helped the company get back on its feet.
BMW India was established in 2006 as a sales subsidiary in Gurgaon (National Capital Region). A state-of-the-art assembly plant for BMW 3 and 5 Series started operation in early 2007 in Chennai. Construction of the plant started in January 2006 with an initial investment of more than one billion Indian Rupees. The plant started operation in the first quarter of 2007 and produces the different variants of BMW 3 Series and BMW 5 Series.
derivative instruments
1. What are Derivative Instruments?
A derivative is an instrument whose value is derived from the value of one or more underlying, which can be commodities, precious metals, currency, bonds, stocks, stocks indices, etc. Four most common examples of derivative instruments are Forwards, Futures, Options and Swaps.
2. What are Forward Contracts?
A forward contract is a customized contract between two parties, where settlement takes place on a specific date in future at a price agreed today. The main features of forward contracts are
- They are bilateral contracts and hence exposed to counter-party risk.
- Each contract is custom designed, and hence is unique in terms of contract size, expiration date and the asset type and quality.
- The contract price is generally not available in public domain.
- The contract has to be settled by delivery of the asset on expiration date.
- In case the party wishes to reverse the contract, it has to compulsorily go to the same counter party, which being in a monopoly situation can command the price it wants.
3. What are Futures?
Futures are exchange-traded contracts to sell or buy financial instruments or physical commodities for a future delivery at an agreed price. There is an agreement to buy or sell a specified quantity of financial instrument commodity in a designated future month at a price agreed upon by the buyer and seller.To make trading possible, BSE specifies certain standardized features of the contract.
4. What is the difference between Forward Contracts and Futures Contracts?
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fiat punto in india
Fiat has announced that the new Punto Evo will be launched in India on August 5. The Punto Evo is a facelifted version of the Punto hatchback and has been spotted completely undisguised quite a few times now. Fiat had started despatching the Punto Evo to dealerships a few weeks ago and deliveries are expected to commence immediately after the car’s launch.
BMW CARS
BMW cars are very costly and luxuary
Bayerische Motoren Werke AG (BMW) is a German automobile, motorcycle and engine manufacturing company founded in 1916. It also owns and produces the MINI brand, and is the parent company of Rolls-Royce Motor Cars. BMW produces motorcycles under BMW Motorrad and Husqvarna brands. BMW is known for its performance and luxury vehicles.
Bayerische Motoren Werke AG (BMW) is a German automobile, motorcycle and engine manufacturing company founded in 1916. It also owns and produces the MINI brand, and is the parent company of Rolls-Royce Motor Cars. BMW produces motorcycles under BMW Motorrad and Husqvarna brands. BMW is known for its performance and luxury vehicles.
Financial derivatives
Financial derivatives are financial instruments that are linked to a specific financial instrument or indicator or commodity, and through which specific financial risks can be traded in financial markets in their own right. Transactions in financial derivatives should be treated as separate transactions rather than as integral parts of the value of underlying transactions to which they may be linked. The value of a financial derivative derives from the price of an underlying item, such as an asset or index. Unlike debt instruments, no principal amount is advanced to be repaid and no investment income accrues. Financial derivatives are used for a number of purposes including risk management, hedging, arbitrage between markets, and speculation.
Financial derivatives enable parties to trade specific financial risks (such as interest rate risk, currency, equity and commodity price risk, and credit risk, etc.) to other entities who are more willing, or better suited, to take or manage these risks—typically, but not always, without trading in a primary asset or commodity. The risk embodied in a derivatives contract can be traded either by trading the contract itself, such as with options, or by creating a new contract which embodies risk characteristics that match, in a countervailing manner, those of the existing contract owned. This latter is termed offsetability, and occurs in forward markets. Offsetability means that it will often be possible to eliminate the risk associated with the derivative by creating a new, but "reverse", contract that has characteristics that countervail the risk of the first derivative. Buying the new derivative is the functional equivalent of selling the first derivative, as the result is the elimination of risk. The ability to replace the risk on the market is therefore considered the equivalent of tradability in demonstrating value. The outlay that would be required to replace the existing derivative contract represents its value—actual offsetting is not required to demonstrate value.
Financial derivatives contracts are usually settled by net payments of cash. This often occurs before maturity for exchange traded contracts such as commodity futures. Cash settlement is a logical consequence of the use of financial derivatives to trade risk independently of ownership of an underlying item. However, some financial derivative contracts, particularly involving foreign currency, are associated with transactions in the underlying item.
Since the fifth edition of the IMF’s Balance of Payments Manual(BPM5) and the 1993 edition of the System of National Accounts (SNA) were published, knowledge and understanding of financial derivatives market have deepened, and prompted the need for a review of the appropriate statistical treatment. In 1997, the Fund produced a discussion paper, The Statistical Measurement of Financial Derivatives, which was adopted by the IMF Committee on Balance of Payments Statistics (and the Inter-Secretariat Working Group on National Accounts). In many respects, the paper reaffirmed the nature of financial derivatives but proposed that over-the-counter financial derivatives be treated as financial assets, and, as a result, a change be made to the treatment of interest rate swaps and forward rate agreements (FRAs) so that instead of being recorded in the income account as property income they be recorded as financial assets and be recorded in the financial account (and the outstanding positions be recorded in the international investment position). A separate functional category has been created for financial derivatives in the balance of payments and a separate instrument in the national accounts.
mahindra cars
Nissan Motor, one of Japan's leading automakers, wants to get big by going small. Through its small-car initiative, the company primarily produces low-cost and fuel-efficient small cars with standard comfort, safety, style, and performance. Nissan's models include Maxima and Sentra cars, and Altima and Infiniti upscale sedans, as well as pickups, SUVs, and sports cars. It is also one of the world's largest manufacturers of forklifts. Renault holds a 43% stake in Nissan Motor and Nissan has a 15% stake in Renault, constituting the Renault-Nissan Alliance.
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